At least 18 people were killed in a suicide attack in the city of Jalalabad, outside the office of the Governor of Nangarhar province while officials were meeting Taliban insurgents. Dozens were injured.
No group said it carried out the attack.
The militants said there would be no extension to the ceasefire and fighters would be expected to leave government-controlled areas before sunset.
In a statement, the Taliban said it had called the ceasefire to enable ordinary Afghans to enjoy a peaceful Eid, “not in response to the ceasefire of the Kabul regime”.
The group hailed the success of the ceasefire as a sign of its cohesion, and reasserted its determination to seek the “withdrawal of foreign invaders and establishment of an Islamic government”.
President Ashraf Ghani’s plea on Saturday for the Taliban to prolong its truce has been rejected.
His office said on Sunday that the government’s extended truce would still allow Afghan security forces to “defend themselves against any attack”