The US government was set to carry out the 13th and final federal execution under President Donald Trump’s administration on Friday evening, just five days before President-elect Joe Biden takes office with a promise to try to end the death penalty.
Five hours after Dustin Higgs, 48, was set to be executed, the US Supreme Court’s conservative majority cleared the way for lethal injections to proceed by overturning a stay ordered by a federal appeals court.
Higgs was convicted and sentenced to death in 2001 for overseeing the kidnapping and murder of three women on a federal wildlife reserve in Maryland in 1996: Tanji Jackson, Tamika Black and Mishann Chinn.
The US Department of Justice plans to execute him with lethal injections of pentobarbital, a powerful barbiturate, at its death chamber in its prison in Terre Haute, Indiana.
The Supreme Court’s ruling on Friday was consistent with its earlier decisions: it had also dismissed any orders by lower courts delaying federal executions since they were resumed last year.
Last year the federal government executed 10 people last year, more than three times as many people as in the previous six decades, marking the first time that it had conducted more executions than all US states combined, according to a database compiled by the Death Penalty Information Center. A minority of the country’s 50 states still carry out executions.
Higgs is set to be the 13th person executed by the US government in an extraordinary spree begun last summer by Trump, a Republican and avowed advocate of capital punishment, after a 17-year hiatus at the federal level. Prior to Trump, the federal government had executed only three people since 1963.
After a failed triple date with the three women, Higgs and his accomplice, Willis Haynes, offered to drive them home but instead took them to the Patuxent Research Refuge. Prosecutors said Higgs gave Haynes a gun and told him to shoot the three women. Haynes, who confessed to being the shooter, was sentenced to life in prison, while Higgs was sentenced to death in a separate trial, a disparity that his lawyers say is grounds for clemency.
The Supreme Court agreed to the Justice Department’s request to overturn an order by a lower court delaying the execution while a legal question is resolved: federal law requires that an execution be carried out in the manner of the state in which the condemned was sentenced, but Maryland has since abolished the death penalty.
The Justice Department had unsuccessfully sought a new sentencing order from a federal judge in Maryland to allow them to execute Higgs following the procedures used in Indiana, a state that still allows lethal injections and that is home to the department’s execution chamber.
The 4th US Circuit Court of Appeals scheduled a hearing on the matter for Jan. 27, nearly two weeks after Higgs’ scheduled execution, which the Justice Department said left it hamstrung unless the Supreme Court overturned the delay.
Higgs and another death row inmate, Corey Johnson, were diagnosed with COVID-19 in December, but on Wednesday the Supreme Court rejected an order by a federal judge in Washington delaying their executions for several weeks to allow their lungs to heal. The Justice Department executed Johnson on Thursday night.
After the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) sued on behalf of other inmates at the prison complex, a federal judge in Indiana ruled that the executions of Johnson and Higgs could only proceed if the US Bureau of Prisons enforced several measures to stem the spread of COVID-19.
One measure ordered by Judge Jane Magnus-Stinson was that prison and execution officials observe “mask requirements,” but media witnesses and Johnson’s spiritual adviser, Rev. Bill Breeden, who was at Johnson’s side, said at least one of two US officials in the room did not have a mask on for many minutes.
The ACLU unsuccessfully asked the judge the find the Bureau of Prisons in contempt of court and order Higgs’ execution be halted. Asked why it should not be found in contempt, the Bureau of Prisons responded on Thursday evening by saying “mask requirements” was not clearly defined, and that it was necessary for officials to remove or not wear their mask for “clear communication.”
Alexa Cave, Higgs’ sister, traveled to Terre Haute with her adult son to be a witness if the execution proceeds, and said she was praying for something to delay it. Life in prison would be a more just punishment, she said, adding that she speaks with him by telephone multiple times a week.
